Mullein contains approximately 3% mucilage along with saponins and tannins.2 The mucilaginous constituents are believed to be responsible for its traditional soothing action on mucous membranes, while saponins may contribute to expectorant properties.3 A comprehensive review published in Molecules confirmed that mullein's anti-inflammatory potential is supported by phytochemicals including quercetin, which may explain the plant's broad traditional use for conditions mediated by inflammatory processes.4 Research in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology documented antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli , with aqueous extracts proving most effective.5 Flavor profile: Mild, slightly earthy, neutral, with a faint sweetness reminiscent of dried hay
D.) 197209 (WileyLiss, New York, 1998)
often including interviews as a main component
In Wisconsin, African-American adults and lower income adults have particularly high smoking rates, according to data from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services
[315] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted December 10, 1948, G.A
